美研发抗Ebola病毒血清:2感染者用药后恢复

  • 医药公司,埃博拉病毒,抗Ebola病毒血清,ZMapp
  • 参考消息网

据美国《洛杉矶时报》网站8月4日报道,美国圣迭戈一家医药公司和美国医疗当局今天透露,该公司利用植物生产出一种实验用抗病毒血清。这种血清已提供给感染致命的埃博拉病毒的人道主义救援人员使用。

报道称,由马普生物制药公司生产的这种药物名为ZMapp。该公司发表声明称,这种药物对人类的安全性尚未得到评估。

公司总裁拉里·蔡特林在声明中说:“目前仅有少量这种药物可供使用。”

这种药物由三种单克隆抗体混合制成。这些单克隆抗体是从一组烟草属芳香植物或灌木中获得的。

单克隆抗体通过锁定抗原来对付入侵的病毒。抗原是病毒表面的一些凸出物,会“紧紧抓住”并进入人体内的目标细胞。就埃博拉病毒而言,这些抗原像形似意大利面条的长长的病毒体向外伸出的一根根长钉。

报道称,一旦这些抗原锁定某个细胞的表面,病毒就会进入宿主细胞并进行大量的自我复制。而由免疫系统产生或来自药物的抗体,会挫败抗原锁定目标细胞的能力。

据美国有线电视新闻国际公司报道,马普生物制药公司生产的药物已促使药物使用者“奇迹般”恢复。感染埃博拉病毒的美国医生肯特·布兰特利的身体状况在接受治疗后的1小时内有所好转。

得克萨斯大学微生物学和免疫学教授托马斯·盖斯伯特说:“如果拉里的产品有助于拯救这些人的生命,我将欣喜若狂。但对此也需要极为谨慎。如果说所有病毒都在1小时之内被清除,现实中不会发生这种情况,这像是电影里的情节。”

感染埃博拉病毒的典型症状一开始就像患上流感,会出现诸如肌肉酸痛、发烧和身体不适等。随着病情进展,患者会出现出血、皮疹、呕吐和腹泻等症状。如果患者未能接受正确的医疗救治,他们会因体液流失而出现致命的器官衰竭。

美国国家过敏症和传染病研究所负责人安东尼?福西说,马普生物制药公司仅生产出三份药物,其中两份提供给了美国患者,这是该药物首次用于人体。

据西班牙《世界报》网站8月4日报道,两名感染埃博拉病毒的美国医护人员接受了实验性药物的治疗。从效果来看,两人所患的埃博拉出血热可以得到治愈。

马普生物制药公司几年来一直与研究机构保持合作,致力于研制一种名为ZMapp的抗病毒药物。该药物是一种单克隆抗体合成药,此前其有效性曾在被感染的猕猴身上得到验证。

ZMapp和其他正在研制中的药物都采用同一个治疗思路,那就是获取在动植物身上能有效灭除埃博拉病毒的抗体,并将其运用到对人类患者的治疗中。

这种药物已治疗了两名病患,但若想借此类药物阻止非洲疫情的蔓延,至少在当下是不可能的。专家表示:“现有的能治疗人类的抗体数量并不充足。”专家提醒,这种治疗方式常用于灭除另一种高致死性病毒――狂犬病病毒。但在治疗狂犬病时,可以“从接种过狂犬疫苗或患有狂犬病的人身上提取高密度的抗体”。但现在,体内含有埃博拉病毒抗体的人数量不足。而ZMapp很难填补这种不足。

各种各样的药物都有在未来击败埃博拉病毒的希望,但现在它们都不是可选的治疗方法。当前,没有任何一种药物能够彻底又安全地治愈埃博拉病毒感染。

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